Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is a popular risk analysis technique. It is conducted after a process hazards analysis has identified hazardous events needing further analysis to better understand the functional and risk reduction requirements for the safeguards. This course discusses the quantitative assessment of initiating event frequencies and the robustness of safeguards.
The course stresses understanding of event propagation, the attributes required for safeguards to be qualified as Independent Protection Layers (IPL), and the proper determination of hazardous event frequencies. Evaluating enabling conditions and the appropriate use of frequency modifiers in PHA and LOPA are discussed, as well as the interrelationship of risk criteria and analysis boundaries. The course addresses how to document risk gaps in LOPA recommendations, including using LOPA to assign the target Safety Integrity Level (SIL) to identified Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS).